The livestock sector in India is crucial for the country’s economy, contributing significantly to its growth and development. Small-scale farmers, rural communities, and marginalized sections of society heavily rely on livestock rearing as a means of subsistence and livelihood enhancement.

Dairy farming is particularly essential for small farmers in India, providing a consistent source of income through the sale of milk and other dairy products. This regular cash flow allows farmers to cover daily expenses, invest in farming activities, and accumulate wealth. Additionally, dairy farming ensures nutritional security for farmers and their families through protein-rich milk, eggs, and meat, which improves their overall health and well-being.

The livestock population in India increased from 512.06 million in 2012 to 536.76 million in 2019, a 4.8% rise according to the 20th Livestock Census. The rural livestock population grew from 491.69 million to 514.11 million, a 4.56% increase, while the urban livestock population saw a significant 11.19% rise. The bovine population, including cattle and buffaloes, reached 303.76 million in 2019. Milch animals, including cows and buffaloes, stood at 125.75 million, indicating a rise in milk production. The population of sheep (74.26 million) and goats (148.88 million) suggests an increased focus on meat and wool production. The total poultry population rose to 851.81 million, with significant growth in both backyard (317.07 million) and commercial poultry (534.74 million).

Despite its benefits, the livestock sector faces several challenges, including inadequate healthcare and veterinary services, insufficient access to quality feed and fodder, and limited infrastructure for storage, processing, and marketing of livestock products. Additionally, low productivity and genetic improvement of livestock breeds, outbreaks of diseases, and limited access to finance and credit hinder growth.

Government programs like the National Livestock Mission, Rashtriya Gokul Mission, and Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development Fund aim to address these challenges by promoting sustainable livestock development, conserving and developing indigenous cattle breeds, and incentivizing investments in dairy processing and value addition.

The livestock sector, particularly dairy farming, is vital for small farmers in India. Addressing the challenges through government initiatives and improved practices will unlock the sector’s full potential, securing the livelihoods of millions of small farmers across India.